Nutrition: The digestive and excretory systems
The Digestive System
Our digestive system breaks food down into small particles called nutrients! Our muscles and organs need these nutrients to give us energy and help us grow. Once the digestive system has extracted the nutrients, it gets rid of the waste.
Now lets go through the stages of digestion!
1. Digestion starts in the mouth! In the mouth, food is broken down by the teeth and mixed with saliva by the tongue.
2. Next, the now broken up food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
3. In the stomach, gastric juices are mixed with the food to make it a thick liquid.
4. Next, the food travels to the small intestine. In the small intestine, nutrients from the food are absorbed into the bloodstream.
5. After the small intestine, the food travels to the large intestine. In the large intestine, water is absorbed from the remains. What is left is faeces.
6. Finally, the waste, or faeces, leaves the body through the anus.
To test your knowledge of the digestive system, try this interactive quiz!
Now that you know all about the digestive system, try to label the parts below. While you are doing this think of what each part does!
The Excretory System
The excretory system removes excess water and other waste products from our body.
Now lets go through the parts of the excretory system!
1. In the kidneys, urine is produced. When blood goes through the kidneys excess water and waste products are dropped off.
2. The ureters are tube shaped organs. The urine produced in the kidneys travels down these to the bladder.
3. Urine is stored in the bladder. When the bladder is full it sends a message to our brain.
4. The final organ is the urethra. Urine leaves the body through here.
To test your knowledge of the excretory system, try this interactive quiz!
Now that you know all about the exretory system, try to label the parts below. While you are doing this think of what each part does!
Review questions:
1. Where does digestion start?
2. What is the name of the tube that food travel through on its way from the mouth to the stomach?
3. What is the difference between the small and large intestines?
4. Where is faeces produced and how does it exit the body?
5. Where is urine produced?
6. How does the urine travel from the kidneys to the bladder?
7. Where is urine stored?
8. How does urine leave the body?
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